Introduction
The erhu, also known as the two-stringed fiddle, is a traditional Chinese musical instrument with a rich history and unique sound. Its origins can be traced back to the 10th century, and it has played a significant role in Chinese music, both in traditional and contemporary settings. Learning to play the erhu can be a rewarding experience, offering a deeper understanding of Chinese culture and music. This guide will provide you with a comprehensive overview of how to start playing the erhu, from selecting the instrument to mastering the basics.
Understanding the Erhu
Components of the Erhu
The erhu consists of the following main components:
- Body: The body of the erhu is typically made of mulberry wood, although other types of wood are also used. It has a distinctive hourglass shape, which contributes to its unique sound.
- Two Strings: The erhu has two strings, traditionally made of silk or nylon. The lower string is thicker and produces a deeper tone, while the higher string is thinner and produces a brighter sound.
- Bridge: The bridge is made of wood and sits on the body, supporting the strings. It allows the strings to vibrate against the body, producing sound.
- Fingerboard: The fingerboard is a flat piece of wood that runs across the body of the instrument. It is fretless, which means that the player must accurately press the strings to produce the correct notes.
- Sound Post: The sound post is a thin, narrow piece of wood that runs vertically through the body of the erhu, helping to amplify the sound.
- Sound Box: The sound box is the hollow part of the body that resonates with the vibrations of the strings, producing the instrument’s sound.
The Sound of the Erhu
The erhu produces a distinctive, mournful sound that has been compared to the cries of a bird or the sound of a weeping willow. The instrument’s tone is versatile, allowing for a wide range of expressions, from soft and delicate to powerful and dramatic.
Selecting an Erhu
Types of Erhus
When choosing an erhu, you’ll have several options to consider:
- Student Erhu: These are designed for beginners and are generally less expensive than professional erhus. They are a good choice if you’re just starting out.
- Professional Erhu: These are made with higher-quality materials and offer a richer, more complex sound. They are ideal for advanced players.
- Erhu with Electronic Pickup: Some erhus come with a built-in electronic pickup, which allows you to amplify the sound through a speaker or headphones. This can be particularly useful for practice or performances.
Considerations for Beginners
If you’re a beginner, it’s important to choose an erhu that is well-suited to your skill level. A student erhu with a comfortable bow and a fingerboard that is easy to press on will help you learn the basics without frustration.
Learning the Basics
Holding the Erhu
To hold the erhu, place it on your left knee (for right-handers) or right knee (for left-handers). The body should rest comfortably against your leg, and the neck of the instrument should be held with your left hand (for right-handers) or right hand (for left-handers).
Tuning the Erhu
The erhu is typically tuned to a D minor pentatonic scale. To tune the instrument, use a chromatic tuner and adjust the strings until they are in tune with each other.
Basic Bowing Techniques
There are several basic bowing techniques to master:
- Long Bow: This is the most common bowing technique and involves bowing the entire length of the string.
- Short Bow: This technique involves bowing only a small portion of the string, which produces a shorter, more concise sound.
- Flick Bow: This technique involves flicking the bow against the string to produce a sharp, staccato sound.
Basic Playing Techniques
To play the erhu, press the strings down with your right hand (for right-handers) or left hand (for left-handers) while bowing the strings. The position of your fingers on the fingerboard will determine the note you play.
Practicing the Erhu
Daily Practice
Consistent practice is essential for improving your skills on the erhu. Aim to practice for at least 30 minutes each day, focusing on the following areas:
- Finger Positioning: Practice placing your fingers on the fingerboard in the correct positions for each note.
- Bow Control: Work on your bowing technique, focusing on evenness and consistency.
- Musicality: Practice playing simple melodies to develop your sense of rhythm and expression.
Learning Traditional Pieces
Once you’ve mastered the basics, start learning traditional erhu pieces. This will help you develop a deeper understanding of the instrument’s sound and expressiveness.
Conclusion
Learning to play the erhu can be a challenging but rewarding experience. By understanding the instrument’s components, selecting the right erhu, mastering the basics, and practicing consistently, you’ll be well on your way to becoming a skilled erhu player. Remember to enjoy the process and take pride in your progress as you explore the rich world of Chinese music.