Playing the erhu, a traditional Chinese two-stringed bowed instrument, is not only a way to appreciate its unique sound but also a means to connect with the rich cultural heritage of China. The erhu has a history that spans over a thousand years and is known for its expressive and emotive capabilities. Whether you’re a beginner or looking to improve your skills, this guide will walk you through the basics of playing the erhu.
Understanding the Erhu
Before you start playing, it’s important to understand the erhu. The instrument consists of the following parts:
- Body: The body is typically made of mulberry wood, although other woods like poplar and spruce are also used. It has a distinctive hourglass shape.
- Neck: The neck is made of bamboo or wood and is where the strings are attached.
- Strings: The erhu has two strings, traditionally made of silk, though modern erhus often use steel or nylon.
- Fingerboard: The fingerboard is made of bamboo and is where you press the strings to change notes.
- Bridge: The bridge is a small piece of wood that holds the strings above the fingerboard.
Getting Started
1. Choosing an Erhu
When selecting an erhu, consider the following:
- Size: Erhus come in different sizes, and the correct size depends on your height and age. A smaller erhu is easier for children to play.
- Quality: Look for a well-crafted instrument with a good sound. Avoid cheaply made erhus that may not be as responsive or have a pleasant tone.
- Strings: Some beginners may prefer lighter strings to make it easier to press down the strings.
2. Basic Posture
A good posture is essential for playing the erhu. Here’s how to position yourself:
- Seated Position: Sit on a chair with your feet flat on the ground. Keep your back straight and your shoulders relaxed.
- Elbow Position: Your right elbow should be slightly bent and pointing towards the floor. The erhu will rest on your left shoulder.
- String Position: The strings should be at a 45-degree angle to the floor, with the bow pointing upwards.
Learning the Basics
1. Holding the Bow
The bow is held in the right hand. Here’s how to do it:
- Grip: Hold the bow with your thumb and first two fingers. The thumb should be on the top, with the first two fingers on the bottom.
- Bow Shape: The bow should be held in a straight line, with the hair side facing the strings.
2. Bowing Technique
To bow the erhu, follow these steps:
- Start: Begin by pressing the bow hair against the strings at the frog (the bottom end of the bow).
- Movement: Move the bow back and forth across the strings, using a smooth, continuous motion.
- Pressure: Apply even pressure to the bow hair to produce a consistent sound.
3. Playing Notes
To play notes, press the strings down on the fingerboard with your left hand. Here’s a basic scale:
- Open Strings: The open strings produce the notes D and G.
- Fingered Notes: Pressing the strings at different positions on the fingerboard produces different notes.
Practicing
1. Daily Practice
Consistent practice is key to improving your erhu skills. Aim to practice for at least 30 minutes each day.
2. Practice Exercises
Here are some exercises to help you improve:
- Bow Control: Practice bowing in different rhythms and dynamics.
- Note Accuracy: Practice playing scales and exercises that focus on note accuracy.
- Expression: Work on expressing emotions through your playing.
Advanced Techniques
Once you’ve mastered the basics, you can explore more advanced techniques, such as:
- Sliding: Sliding your fingers up and down the fingerboard to change notes smoothly.
- Harmonics: Producing higher-pitched notes by lightly touching the strings at specific points.
- Arpeggios: Playing a series of notes quickly in succession.
Conclusion
Playing the erhu is a rewarding experience that allows you to connect with the beauty of traditional Chinese music. By following this guide and practicing regularly, you’ll be well on your way to mastering this unique instrument. Remember, patience and persistence are key to becoming a skilled erhu player. Enjoy your musical journey!